Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi traçar o perfil fisiológico, sanitário e o controle de fitopatógenos em quatro espécies de sementes florestais. Antes dos testes, as sementes de juçara (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), jenipapo (Genipa americana L.), urucum (Bixa orellana L.) e cuia (Crescentia cujete L.) foram desinfestadas com álcool 70%, hipoclorito de sódio a 5% e água destilada. Os testes de germinação, emergência e sanidade foram realizados conforme a RAS. No manejo alternativo, foram testados o isolado de Bacillus methylotrophicus e o óleo de nim, sendo realizado por meio de dois experimentos independentes em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições. O experimento “um” foi realizado através da microbiolização das sementes com B. methylotrophicus e, no experimento “dois”, as sementes foram pulverizadas com óleo de nim a 15% com auxílio de pulverizador manual. As sementes de juçara, jenipapo, urucum e cuia obtiveram 9,0; 67,00; 17,50 e 63,5% de germinação; 0,5; 7,00; 0,5 e 63;5% de emergência; 22,81; 12,15; 15,66 e 8,73% de teor de água, respectivamente. Os fungos fitopatogênicos de maior incidência foram Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., nas sementes florestais de cuia, jenipapo, juçara e urucum, respectivamente. As sementes tratadas com óleo de nim e as microbiolizadas com B. methylotrophicus obtiveram controle significativo para Aspergillus sp.; Penicillium sp., em sementes de jenipapo; Lasiodiplodia sp. e Fusarium sp. em sementes de urucum. Portanto, o uso de B. methylotrophicus e óleo de nim pode ser considerado alternativa viável na redução de patógenos de sementes florestais.

Abstract The objective of this work was to trace the physiological, health and phytopathogen control in four species of forest seeds. Before the tests and treatments, the juçara (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), genipap (Genipa americana L.), annatto (Bixa Orellana L.) and calabash (Crescentia cujete L.) seeds were washed three times with 70% alcohol, 5% sodium hypochlorite and distilled water. Germination, emergency and health tests were performed according to the RAS. In the alternative management, Bacillus methylotrophicus isolate and neem oil were tested, being carried out through two independent experiments in a completely randomized design (DIC), with four treatments and eight repetitions. Experiment one was carried out by microbiolizing the seeds with B. methylotrophicus and, in experiment two, the seeds were sprayed with 15% neem oil with the aid of a manual spray. The seeds of juçara, genipapo, annatto and calabash, obtained 9.0%, 67.00%, 17.50%, 63.5% of germination; 0.5%, 7.00%, 0.5%, 63.5% emergency; 22.81%, 12.15%, 15.66%, 8.73% water content respectively. The phytopathogenic fungi with the highest incidence were Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., in the forest seeds of calabash, genipap, juçara and annatto, respectively. The seeds treated with neem oil and those microbiolized with B. methylotrophicus obtained significant control for Aspergillus sp; Penicillium sp., In genipap seeds; Lasiodiplodia sp. and Fusarium sp. in annatto seeds. Therefore, the use of B. methylotrophicus and neem oil can be considered viable alternatives to reduce pathogens from forest seeds.